Method of teaching and illustrating.



M. MANSON.

METHOD OF IEACHING AND ILLUSTHATING. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 20,1918.

1,289,849, Patented Dec. 31, 1918.

IN VENTOR. Marsden Man/a011,.

ATTORNEY-- MABSIDEN MANSON, 0F BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA.

METHOD OF TEACHING AND ILLUSTRATINC-l.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec. 31, 1918.

Application filed March 20, 1918. Serial No. 223,835.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Mansnnn Manson, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Berkeley, county of Alameda, and State of California, have made a new and useful invention-to Wit, Improvements.

in Methods of Teaching and Illustrating; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, concise, and exact description of the same. i

The invention relatesparticularly tothe method of teaching or imparting information by visual representation.

Among the objects of this invention are to present the subject for instruction objectively in as true form as may be, combining realism, form, color and motion in such a manner that the modifying attributes of the.

. subject may be comprehended at a glance in the evolutionary process of the subject. Other objects and advantages Wlll appear 'as the description progresses.

In this specification and the annexed drawing the invention is embodied in the term considered to be the best. but it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to such form because it may be embodied in other forms, and it is also to be understood that inand bv the claims following the description it is desired. to cover the invention in whatever form it may be embodied.

In the accompanying one sheet of drawings:

The figure is a diagrammatic representation of a model globereprcsenting the earth suitably mounted and arranged in accordance with this invention.

Attention is here directed to my Patent No. 784.058 issued March 7, 1905, and No.

1,042,455 issued Oct. 29, 1912.

In detail the construction illustrated in the drawings includes the globe 1 of any suitable construction, and having a surface adapted to receive treatment as hereinafter described. a This globe is supported by the sector 2, the opposite ends of which engage the opposite ends of a shaft passing through the globe on its polar axis as at 3 and t, in such a manner that the globe is permitted free rotation on its axis. This sector 2 extends between the rollers 5, 6 and 7 rotatably mounted in the arcuate beam 8 forming. part of the base 9 that is mounted upon the casters 10,-which permit the Whole structure to be moved about at will. T he vertical center mm' of the base 9 passes through the center of the model globe. The sector 2 movable between the rollers 5 and 6 and 7 moves in an arc permitting the solstitial and intermediate presentation of the earth.

This globestructure -is installed Within a room having an opening, such as 11, in. its ceiling, open to artificial or sun light, and adapted to illuminate the globe 1 in i1nitation of the sun rays striking the earth, the lateral limitation of the rays being represented by the interrupted lines 12-42. It.

is obvious that artificial light may be pro-- jected upon the globe in any suitable mannor to accomplish the same resultant illumination. I

A motion picture camera 13 mounted on the base 14: is arranged preferably as near as possible to the beam of illumination. such as the opening 11. The photo rays of the camera, represented by the dotted lines l5-15, are directed onto the illuminated portion of the globe for the purpose of taking a succession of motion pictures by turning the operating, handle 16 of thecamera' in accordance with the conventional motion picture art. y

In the operation of this invention the surftve of the globe 1 is prepared in the form of a graphic representation of the information to be imparted. This is ac ompl shed by building onto the surfa e in the form of has relief or otherwise physi al chara teristics of the earths surface. such as cwtinents and their physical features, as bodies of Water, and the like. Bv ontrasting color, politi al or geographical divisional lines, or in any other manner, re resenting upon the surfa"e of the globe conditions, such as "ariations in climate incidental to latitude or changes of seasons. such as distribution of animals and vegetation. Comparative rainfall or drought may be diagrammatically represented n the surface in d fferent geographi al regions. Daylight and moonlightthrough the 24- hours of the day an be ac complished by altering or modifving the light projected onto the globe. Statistical matters or other forms of information may be printed upon the globe or any graphic means resorted to for impressing a photographable image on the globe. all of which is progressively photographed by the camera 13, while the globe representing the earth is rotating upon its axis 3-4 and ment.

the clay and year. The two .bined with proper lighting and coloring, as herein clesulbeci, Will illustrate the phenomaxial rotation upon a time sale of a second to minute, or l/60th'oi the hours; ancl the movement upon the sector 2 upon a time scale of one half an hour to the year, or

'1/17520th of a year, or other st mniultiples of ements comena of clay and night and of their seasonal changes and also the changes of the seasons. in the same manner tlata concerning mili tary and civil history, the distribution of rainfall and climate, population, political geography, anti their variations depicteel upon theglobe are to be similarly photographed upon the the camera 13.

From the negative thus made in the camera 13 positives are made ancl aclaptetl to be feel through a motion picture projecting: machine, ancl projected upon the usual planal screen, giving" thereupon the ei'lcct of a rotating globular tepresentation of the earth, as though "viewed by an observer located in interplanetary space, and a very im pressive ancl memory-fixing representation of the information tobe imparted, particularly Valuable in the instruction of pupils from the primary to the most aclvancecl stages of instruction. V

A description of sheet and modes operzmali herein given are merely suggestive and. capable of elaboration in the gin-otter of physical treatment on the globe itself, light etfects anti other resources available in the motion picture for bringing about the (lesiredefiects in a high state of develop llaving thus clescribecl this invention, What i claim and tlesire to secure by Letters Patent is:

i, The methotl teaching consisting in graphically representing on the surface oi a rcvoluble globe the-information to be taught; taking a succession of photographic impressions of said globe While it is in motion and projecting such photographic impressions upon a suitable surface.

The method of teaching consisting in graphically representing 011 a movable surface the information to be taught; taking" a succession of motion pictures of said surface While it is in motion, and projecting saicl pictures upon a still surface.

3. The method of teaching; consisting in graphically representing upon. the surface of a globe the information to be taught; revolving saicl globe upon its axis and movingsaid axis laterally; taking a sucession of motion? pictures of saitl globe While is in motion; and projecting said pictures upon a still surface.

at. The method of teaching consisting of graphically representing: on the surface at a globe the information. to be taught; moving said globe to represent the axial solstitial and intermediate solstitial presentation of the earth; taking a succession o"f"n1otion pictures of said globe While it is in motion; and projecting said pictures upon a still surface. r

The method of teaching consisting in graphically representing on the surface of a globe the information to be taught; illuminating" saicl globe to represent the suns rays striking the earth; moving said globe to simulate the atrial and solstitial and intermediate presentations of the earth; talc his a suc ession of motion. pictures of" said globe While it is in motion' and projecting said pictures upon a still surface.

in testimony. whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at San Francisco, California, this 15th clay of March 1918. A

I MARSDEN MANSON. in presence of- BALDWIN VALE,

liixconn V. Jonnsou. 

